One of the world’s most respected psychologist and winner of a Nobel Prize for Behavioural Economics, Daniel Kahneman talks about:
Why “Happiness” is a redundandant concept and needs to be replaced with other words that fully describe the myriad experiences that we currently put under the happiness umbrella
The difference between “experiences” and “memories of experiences”
And how this difference influences our choices on everything from the surgeon we choose for a major surgery to a vacation.
Today, it is almost a cliche that brands want to “listen to customers”. They have Facebook pages, Twitter accounts and myriad social media initiatives to supposedly ‘listen’ to customers and make the brand open and communicative. Unfotunately, this is mostly limited and as soon as a customer has a real complaint that needs a real solution, the company suddenly doesn’t feel so communicative any more.
AT&T has launched a nifty iPhone app that could a be model for companies that actually want to listen to their customers and use the complaints and feedback to improve the service. AT&T’s “Mark the Spot” application lets a mobile subscriber complain about dropped calls, low network coverage and bad voice quality. This is a location based app that uses aggregated data from many complaints to find and show areas in the AT&T network where subscribers experience the most problems.
This is a good way to let the customer vent their anger about a dropped signal, feel that AT&T is going to do something about it and at the same time provide AT&T useful information about problems in its network. The information is a collected in a way that is instantly usable rather than generic ‘feedback’ that usually finds it way to ‘nowhere’. This is also removes irritating IVRS systems and call centers from atleast a small part of the customer care function.
The only problem with this approach is that a customer could easily end up feeling that he’s sending complaints into a black hole (which is usually true even while talking to customer care), in the absence of a response or any updates on what happened to his complaint. This is standard psychology, you want a ’sense of progress’, a sense that someone heard you and they’re doing something about your problem. This is what responsiveness means (not just sending a auto-reply email acknowledgement). AT&T should take this forward and when the network problem in a particular area is fixed, it should send a short update to everyone who complained about the particular location.
I like this app particularly because it acknowledges the fact that most customers are not going to report dropped calls and network problems (from location) if it means opening up an email client and writing an email to a generic email address (complaints@att.com). Consumers have become too cynical to expect anything to come out of such an email. It is smart to acknowledge this and make it easier for customers to complain in a way that gives them a sense of ’specificity’ (as against the ‘generality’ inherent in writing to a generic email address or filling a web form).
Currently working on a very interesting proposal to the design the participant experience at the International Film Festival of India, Goa. It is held in early december each year and attracts participants from all over India and from the festival circuit across the world.
We are proposing to design every aspect of the experience, right from participant registration, choosing movies, booking tickets, the venue, networking at the event… Using a mix of technology and common sense! :-)
Just the process of making the proposal and explaining what could be done is extremely interesting. As an avid participant at IFFI for the last 5 years, I guess ‘research’ and ’studying user behaviour’ is well taken care of!
Tomorrow is the pitch. Lets hope that we get a chance to create a better Film Festival experience!
Cleartrip has been my favorite travel booking website since its launch. In fact, I’m so happy with the entire experience on the website that I haven’t even tried any other travel site. Last week they did two small things that reaffirmed my faith in their focus on customer experience.
First, they gave me a Rs.500 voucher for being a regular customer. When I saw the email in my inbox, I half expected some convoluted scheme where I could redeem it only if I was booking a flight to Bhubaneshwar or some such rider. And I expected some complicated way of redeeming the voucher with messy codes etc… But their offer was surprisingly simple. No voucher codes, no riders. Just book your next ticket by June 5 using the same account and Rs.500 will be credited to you in a week. No need to copy-paste voucher number or claim rebates etc… Couldn’t have been simpler!
The second thing they did was something I had been thinking of for a while. They added a ‘book a cab’ option once you book your ticket. Makes complete sense, most travellers in cities like Mumbai need to take a cab to the airport. Why not tie this in with booking the ticket and in the process get a little extra revenue? Their share of a customer’s total spend on travel increases and it offers the customer the convenience to book everything related to a trip in a single process.
However, there are some obvious improvements which I hope they’ll make quickly. For one, their rates for a cab are much higher. A ride from my home to the airport in a Meru Cab costs about Rs.225, but their minimum fare is Rs.350 (for within 15 kms) For a difference of Rs.125 I expect a lot of people would rather make a seperate phone call to Meru and book a cab. I haven’t tried the service yet (and probably won’t, I take a Rickshaw which is much cheaper), so I don’t know if they’ve tied up with a cab service. But that would make perfect sense. Just book cabs for an existing service like Meru and get a commision.
Right now, the way it works is: you give them your number, they call you in a while (actually 4 hours) and make your booking (however, its been about 48 hours and they haven’t called me yet!). With their history of creating good experience, I expect they’ll soon move this process online. Just put in your address and when you want to leave. They send this information to a cab service (which is basically what they ask over phone) and you get a SMS confirming the booking and cab driver’s number.
I read a very interesting post at workplaceexperience.blogspot.com about creating service experiences that are easily ‘tellable’. An important factor, that is often not considered while designing services and experiences.
“You put in your memory card,” he says, “and it prints thumbnails of all your photos.” “Uh, OK,” I reply. “Wait, this is the cool bit. On the printout, there are little boxes next to the thumbnails. You tick the size you need, and put the paper back in the machine. It reads your ticks and prints the pics you want automatically!”
Now that is not just a ‘tellable’ experience, but a very nice use of technology to create a human-centered interface without too much gadgetery.
There hasn’t been much publicity about it, but HDFC Bank has launched a new innovative game at select branches to make the customer experience more lively and fun. Aptly called ‘Treasure Hunt: Find the Drop-box’, the business objective is to increase the time customers spend at a branch, maximize interaction with as many different staffers as possible and to give customers a tour of the entire branch.
When a customer walks into the branch and goes to the teller to deposit a cheque, he is given a cryptic answer and sent to fill the deposit slip. Once filled, he is given clues to find the drop-box. This leads him to different areas of the branch and creates oppotunities for interaction with more bank employees in his quest to find the drop-box. Finally, he finds it hidden behind a desk on the first floor, reaching there only after crossing the deadly dungeon (narrow spiral staircase).
Ok, so its not a game. Just another example of how customer experience doesn’t figure in most descisions at service companies. But this is taking it too far! You don’t need a service designer to tell you that something as commonly used as a cheque drop-box should be in an open area, preferably close to the entrance and definitely with signage.
But then again, may be you do!
At Guts, we do a ‘Service Audit’ to pin-point these kind of situations. The Service Audit involves experiencing a company’s service through all possible touch-points and in every possible situation. This really helps find the pain areas in the company’s service delivery and a customer’s experience. In many instances (like the one described above), operational expediency overrides any consideration for customer experience. Setting this right is not difficult or expensive once you look at it through a ’service design’ lens.
An old but interesting video of Seth Godin pointing out the ‘broken-ness’ of things… products, services, signage… He lists 7 common reasons why things are ‘broken’.
Most of the examples are funny and striking, but some are weak examples of ‘broken-ness’. I’d like to take an example to illustrate how we sometimes look for someone else’s “mistakes” to prove our point. But these ‘mistakes’ are in a context which needs to be understood.
Seth Godin shows the photograph of a pharmacy pill bottle meant for a dog. Apart from saying “DOG” in brackets after the name of the patient, the label has instructions like “alcohol may intensify the effects of this drug” and “use care while operating a car”
Yes, its funny that a bottle of pills for a dog has these messages. But, the reason why this is broken is not because of these messages (as Godin points out). The labels are pre-printed with these messages. So it is out of the pharmacist’s control to remove these irrelevant messages from a bottle of dog pills.
From a user experience point of view, this is broken because the pills are given in the same shape and size of bottles that are used for human prescriptions. Chances are that an old couple with dozens of prescription bottles might mix up pills and take the ones intended for their dog. An easy way to fix this is to put all prescriptions for animals in a bottle of a size and shape distinct from the normal bottles. This clearly indicates who the pills are meant for. And with a different bottle, a new label without the ‘funny messages’ might be in order.
I also discovered an interesting but now defunct blog called “This is Broken”. It has dozens of examples of services and products that are ‘designed’ badly.
More choice is good. Customers feel happy when they have a choice of brands, choice of flavours, choice of serving size, choice of delivery medium… But ‘choice’ has a diminishing marginal utility. After a point, every additional unit of choice decreases in utility or value to the consumer.
For instance, I drink 2 cups of coffee in the morning. This makes me happy. Three cups would be nice once in a while. But, I might not enjoy the fourth cup as much as the third. Or the fifth cup as much as the fourth. So the value or joy I derive from drinking coffee, keeps decreasing after the third cup.]
Similarly, it adds to my service experience if a bank offers 3 different (like, really ‘different’) types of bank accounts or if while booking a flight, I can choose between a veg/non-veg meal and a fruit platter. But sometimes, companies don’t take into account the basic principle of diminishing marginal utility while offering choice.
Kotak Bank offers 7 types of saving accounts, each of them identical to the other, except some minor differences.
To top this, the names of the accounts (Ace, Pro, Nova, Edge, Classic, Easy…) are hardly descriptive of who the account is for, what’s different about it, why should I choose it.
The multitude of accounts aren’t just bad for customer experience. It adds to the complexity of management, service delivery, back-end software and training for customer-facing staff.
Jet Airways allows you to choose from 27 (yes twenty seven!) types of meals including options like non-lactose, low-purine, bland-soft, low-sodium and a ‘Moslem meal’! I’m not even sure how many of these are actually available.
So why is more choice bad? and what is the ‘right amount of choice’?
When faced with too many choices, people prefer making no decision rather than a complicated one.
Post-purchase regret is more likely if a consumer feels that he could have fared better by making a different choice.
Failure to understand or see the difference between the many choices causes the consumer to get confused and feel vulnerable.
Creates unnecessary complexity without adding value to the customer experience.
The right amount of choice differs from service to service. But a simple rule of thumb is that an additional unit of choice should cater to the needs of a large enough customer group, should have 60%+ different features or should have a substantially different customer experience.
Barry Schwartz, an American psychologist has written extensively about this and a few years back published a book titled “The Paradox of Choice: why less is more”. Here he gives a talk about how the increase in choices has made us paralyzed and dissatisfied rather than freer and happier: www.ted.com/index.php/talks/barry_schwartz_on_the_paradox_of_choice.html
Nine out of ten respondents to an Accenture survey report having left atleast one service provider in the last year due to poor service.
Accenture recently released its fourth Customer Satisfaction survey with a special report on ‘Customer-centricity’ in India. It has some revealing findings about what Indian customers care about, about their loyalty to service providers, what they do when they have a problem… Here are some highlights:
90% of the respondents have left atleast one service provider due to poor service Wow! 90% is a lot. Globally, the figure is 67%. The higher India figure is aided by greater choice and fewer entry-exit hurdles. 15 years back you had to wait for 3 months to get a telephone connection. Today, you can get 5 mobile connections in about 2 hours. This shift in power from the ’supply side’ to the ’demand side’ is something that a lot of companies (both private and government services) are yet to come to terms with.
Banks, Internet services and mobile operators were switched most commonly This is very obvious. Services that have become ‘commodities’ are the ones that will have the least customer loyalty and will be the easiest to switch. With number portability on the cards, mobile operators will see and even greater outgo of customers swayed by marketing messages and promotions. Incidentally, these three services are also the ones where the margins and profitability are constantly under pressure. When a service doesn’t offer anything unique, it is impossible to be consistently profitable in a buyers market.
45% respondents switch service providers because of a better price, 71% because of poor experience Yes, Indians are price-concious. But they aren’t pound foolish, penny-wise. Increasingly, if a customer is generally happy with a service, he is less likely to go price shopping or change services for a small price differential. People have less time which they want to spend with their families and doing things that interest them. But if you make their lives difficult, they’ll walk.
52% respondents believe their expectations are never or rarely met Are the expectations too high or are the services just out of tune with customers really want. A little of both. Companies will at some point have to say ‘itne paise mein itnaich milega’. But before that, they needs to spend time understanding how customers use their services and create service models that address these needs. There is little focus on designing services and experience in India right now.
Talk to me!
85% customers call a helpline for assitance, 68% send an email, 47% visit a website and only 31% visit a physical location
While this survey is revealing, it must be taken with a pinch of salt. One, it is limited in size. The number of respondents is around 300. Two, most respondents are reffering to customer service, not ’service experience’. But, customer service comes into picture when there is a flaw in the service model. Three, this survey probably represents a very narrow class of Indian consumers. I don’t think it is really reflective of what a rural mobile customer thinks or how he acts.
Download the India Report here 
